Imagine stepping into your backyard and being greeted by the sight of thriving fruit trees ladened with succulent, sun-kissed fruits. A dream? Not at all. It takes a little planning and some digging but you can easily start a backyard orchard this weekend in your desert garden.
On left, green figs and on right, ripe peaches. Both would be delicious fresh from the tree in your garden and on your table. (Photo of peaches on tree by Czapp Botond on Unsplash.)
Not all fruit trees are created equal
First you need to select the right varieties suited to arid conditions in order to create a successful backyard orchard. Opt for drought-resistant and heat-tolerant species such as pomegranates, figs, quinces, citrus trees (like oranges and lemons), and stone fruits like nectarines, apricots, plums, and peaches. These varieties have adapted to thrive in the challenging conditions of a desert environment.
(Note that citrus trees do not do well in low desert locations like Phoenix. And fruiting olive trees and mulberries are banned in Las Vegas, NV and Pima County, AZ.)
If you want to branch out, consider adding nut trees like pecans to your orchard. Keep in mind, however, that pecan and other nut trees (and fig trees) grow very tall and may put the rest of your garden in the shade–literally–blocking out almost all sunlight.
Soil Preparation and Watering
Desert soil always poses challenges, so you need to start your mini-orchard by improving the soil structure with organic matter, such as compost. This should enhance water retention and nutrient levels. Adequate drainage is also crucial to prevent waterlogging, especially in desert climates where heavy rains can be sporadic but intense.
To install your fruit trees dig a hole that is only as deep as the root ball, and be sure that it is three times as wide. This will allow roots to spread out, grow faster, and anchor the tree better.
After the young fruit trees are installed it is important to set up a drip irrigation system to ensure a slow, steady release of water directly to the root zones, minimizing evaporation and wastage. Use mulch around the base of your fruit trees to further retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
Protecting Against Extreme Temperatures
Desert climates are notorious for their extreme temperature fluctuations. To protect your new fruit trees consider installing shade cloth during the hottest parts of the day. It can be just something as simple as an old sheet or length of burlap draped over the top of the tree. As you can see in this photo from the Tucson Mission Garden, this cloth cover will shield the trees from the intense sun and reduce stress on them. Additionally, planting trees in locations that receive some natural shade during the day can provide relief from the harsh afternoon sun.
Pruning and Maintenance
Regular pruning is essential for shaping your backyard orchard and promoting healthy fruit production. Pruning regularly and tightly also lets you plant trees much closer together so you can grow more fruit. For example, nectarines only produce fruit on new growth so they should be pruned annually. On the other hand, pomegranates need almost zero attention. And fig trees, if left unpruned, will grow to 20 to 30 feet tall and cast deep shade.
Prune during the dormant season, typically in late winter, to remove dead or diseased branches and encourage new growth. Avoid over-pruning, as some fruit trees in desert climates may benefit from a bit more foliage for sun protection.
Timing Matters and Size Doesn’t
Fall or early Spring are the best times to plant trees — or almost any long-lived tree or shrub–in a desert garden. By planting now you will allow the new trees to acclimate and establish strong root systems before the scorching heat of summer arrives.
If you have any doubts about planting a backyard orchard because you think the space is too small, I hope you can visit the Tucson Mission Garden. You will see fruit trees planted densely and producing fruit, especially figs, abundantly. And then think of how good your own home-grown fruit will taste in a summertime fruit salad.
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