Succulents bring winter color and possible danger

Green and black Aeoniums and orange Firestick Euphorbias seem to be closing in on the Agave for the title of the most popular drought tolerant plants used in desert landscapes or for lawn replacement. They are showing up everywhere, it seems, from small front garden plots to street side plantings to pots on patios.  So this post was originally going to be about some attractive plantings of these succulents that I have seen recently.

But as I did more research, I learned that, as beautiful as they are, some can pose a real danger to pets…and potentially to people. Some are quite toxic.

Firestick succulents (Euphorbia tiruccailli ) are used as a hedge outside a restaurant in Pasadena California.  You can trim them to keep the plant smaller, but be sure to wear gloves and even goggles: the white sap is toxic.  Place cuttings into a plastic bag that you can tie up tight so pets will not be exposed to the sap.

In Pasadena’s Arlington Garden Firestick euphorbias have been left untrimmed for over a decade and are now approaching 25 feet in height. The cactus in the center has also become a tall, beautiful focal plant.  

The mix of plants in this curbside border–aeoniums, daisies and a firestick succulent–looks great now, but the firestick will grow up to 30 feet tall if left untrimmed. As with all flower/plant borders, it is important to think ahead as to how large each plant will become at maturity. Or be willing to prune some big plants and replace others to maintain the appearance. In this group, the daisy plant will die long before the succulents do.

A mix of succulents in a curbside planting demonstrates the variety of color these tough plants can provide. Lurking in the middle, however, is a potential giant: the Firestick euphorbia!  But its orange color is a nice complement to the blue-ish Secenio Talindoides, the green Aeonium, and the brown-ish Kalanchoe.

I love how the color of the bell-like Kalanchoe blooms coordinate with the glass ball on the top of this ornamental garden statue! You may be more familiar with one variety of the Kalanchoe known as the “flapjack” plant. It has large pink 
and green leaves.The blossoms appear to be sprouting up from the bright green Aeoniums, but actually are from the pink-ish Kalanchoes on the left.  


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Before and After: A surprising drought tolerant succulent garden

Just after I earned my Master Gardener certification I saw a low water usage succulent garden while visiting Long Beach, California.  It really stood out because most of the gardens in the area, less than 3 blocks from the edge of the Pacific Ocean, showed a strong tropical plant influence. Well, tropicals with roses.

Naples Island garden
Many gardens near the ocean in Long Beach used to be filled with tropical plants and roses. A small patch of grass as a “front lawn”was common. 

Back then there were no significant water restrictions and most homes had small lawns in front. Long Beach today has some of the most rigorous water restrictions in Southern California and it shows in the changed gardens.

A couple of weeks ago I was back in the same neighborhood and saw that drought-tolerant succulent/cactus garden again and took a photo thinking that I would show the change and maturation of the plants over the years. At home on my computer I looked closer and recognized that many plants in the garden now are almost entirely different from the ones back in 2003.

I realized that I had always thought of drought tolerant succulent gardens as being “eternal”–requiring almost zero upkeep and lasting forever. Not true–as this garden in its 2 incarnations shows:

Succulent garden BEFORE 2003:

Long Beach drought tolerant garden 2003

This garden in 2003 had the tropical giant bird-of-paradise (Strelitzia nicolai), on the left, but most of the other plants are drought tolerant succulents and cacti. The reason I never published this photo on Hot Gardens is because of the many New Zealand Flax (Phormium tenax) plants. These upright grass-like plants seem to simply die in hot, desert-like conditions which is too bad because they come in many sizes and great colors ranging from red to green to black and some nifty striped ones. Agave plants make up another important upright feature in this garden.

 SUCCULENT GARDEN AFTER 2018:
Low water usage garden Long Beach (

The giant bird-of-paradise plants are still in the garden, but now they have tall trunks leading up to the leaves at the top. Gone are the blue-green iceplants (Delosperma) that lined the sidewalk as are the New Zealand Flax plants. The Agaves have survived. And there are some tall tree-like plants in the parking strip that appear to be new. (Sorry I don’t know the names of them.)  It is, in a way, the same garden only different. And to be honest, I really like the 2003 version of this garden much better.


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  1. Best and beautiful native shrubs for extreme heat
  2. Five fragrant plants for your garden
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  5. Cover up that naked wall
  6. Nine trees to combat climate change
  7. Four desert trees good for soil, 4 toxic ones
  8. Plants that bloom even in mid-summer scorching heat


Hanging vertical gardens: a quick and not-too-dirty way

Succulent
The first succulent I ever bought. Love the colors.

It is too hot for outdoor gardening now so I decided to write about hanging gardens.

Hanging gardens usually evoke one of 2 images: the moss-lined baskets with macramé hangers that were planted with common house vines and hung from living room ceilings back in the 1970s…

Or the legendary and long-vanished Hanging Gardens of Babylon where palm trees and other plants grew on terraces and rooftops in scorching hot summer weather in what is now Iraq.  (Their irrigation system must have been terrific!)

These days there is a third option: smallish succulents planted as a vertical garden to hang on a wall inside or out. I love the look of these—almost like abstract art in many shapes and shades of green and pink. Searching on the internet, however, I was more than slightly shocked to see that the Pottery Barn is selling vertical succulent gardens. And the cost? $269. On Amazon I discovered a beginners hanging pocket garden–no plants or soil included–for much less.

Well, what if I do it myself, I thought.

After reading a post about how to make a vertical succulent garden—making a framed box, installing a metal grid, adding cactus soil, planting about 50 or 60 tiny succulent buds (which can be purchased online for under $20) and then waiting for a couple of weeks or more for the roots to take hold and replanting if the roots don’t take hold—I realized that this wasn’t a route for me, either. (I am not a builder!)

Then I remembered two “hanging gardens” I had seen in downtown Los Angeles. One was on a north facing wall in Pershing Square and the other one a garden that rises at least 5 or 6 stories high in a parking garage.

Tower of plants Pershing Square Los Angeles
A vertical garden of lettuces and herbs in a parking garage in downtown Los Angeles.

The high rise garden was the brainchild of a local restaurant owner who wanted to go really local with the green stuff for his menu. For him local meant upstairs from his restaurant which was on the ground floor of a building with a parking garage several stories high.  If you look closely at the photo (sorry, it’s not a great photo, but I never thought I’d write about it) you will see lettuces and herbs stacked floor after floor. What a brilliant idea!  But apparently not one that would endure. Last time I was in downtown L.A. this parking garage garden was brown and clearly abandoned.

Which brings us to the vertical garden in Pershing Square in downtown Los Angeles which may provide an alternative to expensive hanging gardens. It was planted during the first rush to change all plants on Los Angeles public properties into drought tolerant plantings.

Drought tolerant plant wall Pershing Square (
Grasses, agaves and succulents in a vertical garden in Pershing Square, Los Angeles.

It is clear that two shelves have been installed in a niche in a wall and potted plants stacked densely on each shelf.  On the top is a row of grasses that dance in the breezes. It is clear that they are simply ordinary pots of identical types of grasses stacked side by side.

The next level down are the succulents, including 3 large agaves. I suspect that the agave pots have been tilted slightly sideways–about a 45 degree angle– so they will grow outward and the soil will still stay around the plant roots. Unlike the more common tidy, vertical succulent garden there are succulents and other plants trailing down, vine-like. And this vertical garden can be watered in place and does not have to be removed for watering.

Overall, using pots stacked side by side seems to be a much easier way to create a vertical garden but probably is best outside. On Amazon I found this vertical garden system that is self-watering and can be expanded from small space to larger inside or out. Perfect for the neglectful gardener!

The secret to success for all of these vertical gardens, of course, is density. Plant the succulents close together right from the beginning. Don’t wait for plants to spread out and fill in. You can always transplant them later if they become too crowded.


Our 8 most popular newsletters

  1. Best and beautiful native shrubs for extreme heat
  2. Five fragrant plants for your garden
  3. Where to get free or cheap trees for your garden
  4. Six distinctively different landscapes to replace a lawn
  5. Cover up that naked wall
  6. Nine trees to combat climate change
  7. Four desert trees good for soil, 4 toxic ones
  8. Plants that bloom even in mid-summer scorching heat